Governments, industry, investors, and other stakeholders are increasingly interested in understanding the implications of energy transition on the competitiveness of upstream oil and gas operations. Greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity, or emissions per unit of output, has become a key metric of interest. However, GHG emissions associated with oil and gas extraction through end use are variable and dynamic. Not only do GHG emission intensities differ from play to play, by extractive technology, by resource quality, and by operator efficiency, but they also change over time. Emissions during ramp-up and decline of an asset ... (full story)