In September 2019, the DG ECFIN flash estimate1 of the consumer confidence indicator2 increased in both the euro area and the EU (by 0.6 points in both areas). At −6.5 points (euro area) and −6.4 points (EU), both indicators remain on a broadly horizontal trajectory well above their respective long-term averages of −10.7 (euro area) and −10.0 (EU). (full story)